Author/Year | Purpose | Setting | Sample | Design and Level of Evidence | Results |
Fuentes, E., Kohn, M., Neighbor, M. (2002) | To determine whether non-white patients with long-bone fractures were less likely to receive analgesics than White patients with similar injuries | Urban emergency department | N = 494 Adults aged 18 - 55 with isolated long bone fractures. Compared African-American, Hispanic, and White patients | Retrospective cohort III | No difference in the administration of analgesics to white and non-white patients with long bone fractures. |
Pletcher, M., Kertesz, S., Kohn, M., & Gonzales, R. (2008) | To determine whether opioid prescribing in emergency departments has increased; whether non-Hispanic White patients are more likely to receive an opioid than other racial/ethnic groups; and whether differential prescribing by race/ethnicity has diminished since 2000 | Various United States (US) emergency departments | N = 156,729 Utilized NHAMCS to identify US emergency department visits 1993-2005 with diagnosis of pain Compared White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian/other | Descriptive IV | Opioid prescribing increased in the emergency department after national quality improvement initiatives, but differences in opioid prescribing by race/ethnicity have not diminished. |
Mills, A. Shofer, F., Boulis, A., Holena, D., & Abbuhl, S. (2011) | To assess whether patient race affects analgesia administration for patients presenting with back or abdominal pain. | 2 Urban emergency departments | N = 20,125 Adults presenting with back or abdominal pain for a 4 year period. Compared non-Whites and Whites | Retrospective cohort III | Nonwhite patients presenting to the emergency department for abdominal or back pain were less likely than whites to receive analgesia and waited longer for their opiate medication. |